Achieving Expert Consensus on the Model of Political Behavior in Governmental Organizations: A Validation Study Using the Delphi Method
Keywords:
political behavior, black behavior, white behavior, gray behavior, governmental organizations, Delphi methodAbstract
Political behavior in governmental organizations refers to a set of informal actions and interactions undertaken by employees and managers—beyond their formal job descriptions—to acquire, maintain, and increase influence, power, and scarce resources. The primary objective of the present study is to achieve expert consensus on the model of political behavior in governmental organizations through a validation study based on the Delphi method. This research is developmental in terms of purpose and employs a qualitative–quantitative Delphi methodology. To realize the objective—namely, achieving expert consensus on the model of political behavior in governmental organizations—the Delphi technique was used. In this study, the model of political behavior in governmental organizations, derived from the research of Tir et al. (2026), was validated using the Delphi method. The statistical population in this phase consisted of experts in public administration and political science who hold academic ranks of associate professor or higher, have conducted studies in the areas of politics, political behavior, and organizational leadership, possess scholarly contributions in these fields, and have managerial or executive experience at senior levels within the public or governmental sector. The sampling method used at this stage was snowball sampling, and the sample size consisted of 15 experts. The statistical software used in the study was SPSS 19. The findings revealed that political behavior in governmental organizations includes three categories: black political behavior comprising 33 components, white political behavior comprising 37 components, and gray political behavior comprising 20 components. Understanding political behavior enables managers to predict and manage such behaviors rather than directly confronting or attempting to eliminate them—an approach that is often impractical.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Tir (Author); Davood Kia Kojouri; Javad Gilanipour, Maryam Rahmaty (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
