<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName></PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Management and Business Solutions</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>3092-7226</Issn>
      <Volume>4</Volume>
      <Issue>Serial Number 17</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>01</Month>
        <Day>01</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <ArticleTitle>Motivating Factors of Individual Investors in a Bear Market</ArticleTitle>
    <VernacularTitle>Motivating Factors of Individual Investors in a Bear Market</VernacularTitle>
    <FirstPage>1</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>15</LastPage>
    <ELocationID EIdType="doi">10.61838/jmbs.223</ELocationID>
    <Language>EN</Language>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName></FirstName>
        <LastName></LastName>
        <Affiliation></Affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <PublicationType>Journal Article</PublicationType>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>11</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <Abstract>&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study was to examine the motivating factors influencing individual investors in a bear market. Transactional data from 2,500 individual investors were collected from a major brokerage and technology company affiliated with the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2019–2021. Ultimately, data from 657 investors were extracted for analysis. The collected data were processed using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using EViews version 11. The results indicated that individual investors’ personality traits significantly affect their trading behavior in the Iranian stock market. Past trading performance also influences the trading behavior of individual investors in the Iranian stock market. Furthermore, stocks with specific characteristics affect the trading behavior of individual investors in the Iranian stock market, and gambling behavior significantly influences the trading behavior of individual investors in the Iranian stock market.&lt;/p&gt;</Abstract>
    <ObjectList>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">Individual investors</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">financial crisis</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">bear market</Param>
      </Object>
      <Object Type="keyword">
        <Param Name="value">behavioral bias</Param>
      </Object>
    </ObjectList>
    <ArchiveCopySource DocType="pdf">https://journalmbs.com/index.php/jmbs/article/download/223/178</ArchiveCopySource>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>
